积极倾听策略
如果你有听力损失, the following active listening strategies will enhance your communication with other people to create a more positive communicative environment than hearing aids alone can provide.
- 看着说话的人. Position yourself to get a full view of the face, not just a profile view. A lot of information can be obtained by watching as well as by listening. 虽然没有人能仅凭视觉获得所有的信息, everyone has some ability to speech read; that is, to obtain information on what is being said by watching a speaker's lips, 面部表情, 手势, 肢体语言, 等.
- 根据指示戴上眼镜. 他们会帮助你演讲和阅读.
- Sit with your better ear, if one is better than the other, toward the speaker.
- 减少你和说话的人之间的距离. 理想的距离大约是三到五英尺.
- 避免在另一个房间继续谈话.
- 把注意力集中在说话人正在表达的思想或观点上 而不是努力去理解别人说的每一个字. 不要因为错过几个字而气馁或放弃. 言语通常是多余的和可预测的.
- Try to be aware of the topic of conversation and environmental cues 这可能有助于你做出有根据的猜测. Friends can be coached to give occasional leads about the subject being discussed. 他们可以不引人注目地说, “我们正在讨论住房问题," or you might quietly ask someone in the group to tell you what they are discussing.
- 熟悉不同的人表达自己的方式 such as 面部表情, vocabulary, sentence structure, accent or dialect, 等.
- 对人和事保持积极的兴趣. 了解国内和国际事务, 以及你的社区和朋友, will help you to follow many discussions or conversations more readily.
- 不要害怕别人会认为你在盯着他们看 当你试图理解他们在说什么的时候. 看着说话的人总是有礼貌的.
- 当你不懂的时候,不要虚张声势和点头. It is better to ask questions than to continue along the wrong path.
- Don't hesitate to ask someone to clarify information you may have missed. 为了减少双方的挫败感, it is helpful to be very specific about what you have missed so that the person does not have to repeat the whole message. You may also want to ask the person not just to repeat the information, but also to rephrase it so that words you have difficulty hearing can be replaced with words that are easier to hear.
- Tell the speaker specifically which part of what they've just said you did not understand. 仅仅是说, “我没听见,或者“我不明白。," doesn't give the speaker the necessary information to correct your problem. 如果他们说话太轻,告诉他们, 过快, if their hand is in front of their mouth or if background noise is preventing you from understanding.
- 努力倾听 不要养成纵容别人的习惯, 比如你的配偶或朋友, 倾听你的心声.
继续阅读
- 记住,对话是双向的互动. 不要垄断它,试图指导和控制它. 倾听比说话消耗更多精力.
- 愿意承认你的听力损失并寻求帮助. Most reasonable people will be glad to help if your request is specific and if they know what to do.
- Don't hesitate to tell those around you what they can do to make communication easier. 告诉他们说慢一点的重要性, 确保他们靠近你,面对你, as well as using 面部表情 and 手势 to get the message across. Many people are embarrassed because they have no idea how to talk with the wearer of hearing aids. Put them at ease and assure them that natural, unexaggerated speech is easiest for you to understand.
- 只要有可能, 询问细节,例如指示或医疗资料,以书面形式.
- 最大限度地利用照明. Have the light behind you, not behind the speaker where it may cast a shadow.
- 考虑使用有多个麦克风的助听器 that provide maximum amplification for sounds originating from directly in front of you and suppressing sounds originating from behind you.
- 抵抗干扰. 尽量减少或消除干扰的背景噪音. This includes turning down or off the television, radio, running water or fan while conversing. 在社交场合或餐馆里, you may want to find a quieter corner away from the noise for your conversations.
- If you are in a room with an open door or window facing a noisy or busy area, close it. It also is helpful to keep the car window closed or lower the volume of the hearing aid that is closest to the window. 大多数助听器都能自动适应噪音.
- 如果需要, 考虑改善房间的音响效果 经常用于谈话. This may involve installing carpeting, draperies, padded furniture or acoustic ceiling tiles.
- 去餐馆吃饭的时候,尽量提前做好计划. 在报纸上查一下噪音等级. 在非高峰时间去, reserve a table in a quiet corner and sit with your back against the wall (or toward the center of the room if wearing hearing aids with multiple microphones). 如果有展位,申请展位.
- When attending a play, concert, church service or lecture, try to arrive early so that you can 找一个尽可能靠近前排的座位. 申请一个辅助听音设备.
- When going to a movie or play, read the reviews or a summary of the plot in advance.
- When attending lectures, request that speakers use microphones or FM systems.
- When taking information over the telephone, repeat back what you heard to verify that it was correct.
- 保持现实的期望 about what you will be able to hear in various situations and environments. There will be some situations where listening will be more difficult, and you will need to use more effort and strategies to follow what has been said. Remember that this is true for listeners with normal hearing, as well.
- Check the situation in public places before blaming your hearing loss. 看看别人是否也有困难. It may be due to a faulty public address (PA) system, a poor speaker, or high background noise.
- 特别注意你自己的讲话. 长期的听力损失, 甚至是突然的损失, 可能导致声音和发音的恶化.
- 每个人都需要时间放松. Recognize that illness and fatigue will make listening more difficult. 允许自己偶尔抽身.
- 避免紧张. 试着放松,保持你的幽默感. Tension interferes significantly with the ability to speech read and drains energy. It is not possible for even the best of listeners to hear everything. The ability to laugh at yourself is a great help in adjusting to any situation or condition.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.