妊娠期糖尿病
妊娠期糖尿病是指在妊娠期诊断出的糖尿病 怀孕. 妊娠期糖尿病发生率约为7%, 通常是在怀孕的后半段. 它几乎总是在你的孩子一出生就消失了. 然而, 如果孕期没有治疗妊娠糖尿病, 你可能会遇到一些并发症.
原因
怀孕激素会使身体对胰岛素的作用产生抵抗力, a hormone made by your pancreas that helps your body use the fuels supplied by food.
你吃的碳水化合物为你的身体提供了一种叫做葡萄糖的燃料, 血液中的糖滋养你的大脑, 心, 组织和肌肉. 葡萄糖也是宝宝发育的重要燃料. In gestational 糖尿病, insulin fails to effectively move glucose into the cells that need it. As a result, glucose accumulates in the blood, causing blood sugar levels to rise.
诊断
妊娠期糖尿病是通过验血诊断的. 你的血糖水平是在你喝了甜饮料后测量的. 如果你的血糖过高,你就患有妊娠糖尿病. 有时一个测试就能做出明确的诊断. More often, an initial screening test is done, followed by a longer evaluation.
Gestational 糖尿病 usually usually doesn't happen until later in 怀孕, when the placenta is producing more of the hormones that interfere with the mother's insulin. 妊娠糖尿病的筛查通常在24至28周进行, 但高风险的女性可能会在怀孕的前三个月接受筛查.
风险因素
A number of risk factors are associated with gestational 糖尿病, including:
- 超重
- 生下一个体重超过9磅的婴儿
- 父母或兄弟姐妹患有糖尿病
- 既往患有妊娠期糖尿病者
- 尿中含有葡萄糖的
除了, 妊娠期糖尿病在非裔美国人中更为常见, 印第安人, 拉丁裔和有家族病史的女性 糖尿病.
妊娠期糖尿病和你的宝宝
妊娠期糖尿病会在以下几个方面影响你正在发育的宝宝:
- 高出生体重 Exposure to higher sugar levels from the maternal bloodstream can result in a larger baby and a high 出生 weight. The baby's pancreas produces extra insulin in response to the higher glucose, 是什么导致婴儿储存了多余的脂肪并长得更大. 一个较大的婴儿会使分娩对母亲和婴儿来说都更加复杂.
- 低血糖 如果你在怀孕期间血糖升高, 你的宝宝可能有低血糖, 称为低血糖, 出生后不久. The extra insulin that your baby produces when your blood sugar is high continues to bring their blood sugar down for a short time after 出生. 没有母体血液中持续的糖供应, 宝宝的血糖水平可能会降得太低.
这是暂时的, 虽然, and the nurses and doctors caring for your newborn will monitor your 婴儿护理fully and treat any episodes of low blood sugar that may occur.
避免并发症
The complications of gestational 糖尿病 can be prevented by keeping your blood sugar under control during your 怀孕. 治疗的目的是保持你的血糖在正常范围内. Most women with well-controlled blood sugar deliver healthy babies without any complications.
治疗
饮食
The first step in treating gestational 糖尿病 is to modify your diet to help keep your blood sugar level in the normal range. It's a good idea to meet with a registered dietitian to develop a customized eating plan to help you manage your blood sugar. 你也可以阅读 妊娠糖尿病的饮食建议.
主要饮食原则:
- 避免高糖食物. 在你怀孕的剩余时间里, 避免甜点, 糖果, 糖果, 饼干, 软饮料和果汁. 你应该吃水果, 而是因为水果的天然糖含量很高, 每次只吃一小份.
- 合理摄入高碳水化合物食物. 面包中含有碳水化合物, 谷物, 大米, 意大利面, 土豆, 豆子。, 水果, 牛奶, 酸奶和一些蔬菜. 碳水化合物食物在消化过程中分解成葡萄糖. They are important because they contain nutrients that are necessary for both you and your developing baby. 每餐吃碳水化合物食物很重要,但不要吃得过多.
- 少吃多餐. 把你一天中摄入的碳水化合物食物分开. Cutting down on the portion size of carbohydrate foods eaten at one sitting means that you need to eat more often to meet your 怀孕 nutrient needs. Eating three smaller meals and three or four snacks between meals can help you meet your 怀孕 diet goals without elevating your blood sugar.
血糖监测
The only way to know that your gestational 糖尿病 is being properly controlled is to check your blood sugar frequently. 十大赌博平台排行榜会指导你如何使用家用血糖监测器. You should check your blood sugar at least four times a day, or as directed by your doctor. Check your fasting blood sugar first thing in the morning, before having anything to eat or drink. Also check your blood sugar one hour after starting to eat your three main meals: breakfast, 午餐和晚餐. 和你的十大赌博平台排行榜检查一下目标血糖水平.
其他的治疗方法
Most women with gestational 糖尿病 are able to control their blood sugar simply by modifying their diet. 在宝宝出生之前,你需要遵循饮食指南. 分娩后,大多数女性都能恢复正常的饮食习惯. Gestational 糖尿病 does not interfere with your ability to breastfeed your baby.
大约30%患有妊娠糖尿病的女性, 节食不足以控制他们的血糖, 他们需要注射胰岛素. 胰岛素在怀孕期间是安全的. 如果你正在服用胰岛素, you'll still need to continue with the prescribed diet and monitor your blood sugar levels.
分娩后
After your baby is born, your blood sugar will be checked to make sure it's normal. Fortunately, gestational 糖尿病 almost always goes away after your baby is born. 如果你的血糖没有恢复正常, 这可能意味着你在怀孕前患有糖尿病.
The most important thing to remember is to check your blood sugar before getting pregnant again. Women who've had gestational 糖尿病 have a higher risk of developing type 2 糖尿病. Women who had 糖尿病 before getting pregnant have a higher risk of 怀孕 complications. 怀孕前12周孕妇血糖升高, 当主要器官系统发育时, 增加胎儿的风险. Women with 糖尿病 can help improve their chances of having a healthy baby by normalizing their blood sugar before 怀孕.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.