FAQ: Lung Cancer Screening Program
使用计算机断层扫描(CT)进行肺癌筛查的目的是什么??
The goal of any screening test is to prolong life. 这是通过早期发现疾病来实现的,因为早期疾病可能更容易治疗. For instance, 一些通过CT筛查发现的肺癌很小,尚未在胸部或身体其他部位扩散. Treatment is generally more effective at this stage. If screening is not performed, 有可能肺癌只有在扩散到身体其他部位后才会被发现, at which point it is much more difficult to treat.
Who should be screened for lung cancer using CT?
Unlike many other screening programs, 肺癌CT筛查针对的是特定的患者群体. 它对肺癌高危人群最有用, namely current or prior cigarette smokers. 吸烟时间的长短和吸烟次数影响患者是否适合进行CT筛查. 大多数CT筛查研究都是在每年抽20到30包烟的患者身上进行的. A large research study, called The National Lung Screening Trial, evaluated patients whose smoking exceeded 30 packs per year. “包年”的计算方法是将每天吸烟的平均包数乘以吸烟的总年数. 如果这个数字等于或大于30,你可能会从肺癌CT筛查中受益. 有家庭成员被诊断患有肺癌的患者也可以从CT筛查中获益.
What are the downsides of getting a screening CT?
做CT筛查有两个潜在的负面影响:首先是辐射. This is addressed in the following section. 第二个潜在的缺点是,CT可能需要进行额外的测试, 在某些情况下,这种检测是用来诊断良性(非癌性)生长的. For instance, 一个可疑的肺结节可能会被手术切除,结果却发现它不是癌症. There are some similarities in the appearances of cancer and benign growths; thus a CT scan cannot give 100 percent assurance that an abnormal finding represents cancer. When a suspicious abnormality is seen, however, further testing is necessary with tests such as a PET scan, biopsy or surgery, which carry some side effects.
Should I be worried about the radiation I get from a CT?
医疗辐射最近一直是新闻中的热门话题,并引起了人们对辐射诱发癌症的可能性的担忧. 加州大学旧金山分校非常清楚这一问题,并采用了许多不同的技术来减少CT扫描的辐射, 包括制定低剂量方案和购买专门为减少辐射而设计的特殊软件.
每个人在日常生活中都会受到来自环境的辐射. 每人每年接受的剂量约为3毫西弗(mSv)。. In comparison, 一次标准胸部CT的辐射剂量约为6毫西弗(是环境年辐射剂量的两倍)。. 据估计,在2000年,接受10毫西弗剂量后患致命癌症的终生风险为1. 记住,一般来说,四分之一的人会在一生中患上癌症. When considered in this context, 从CT扫描中患癌症的风险只会略微增加一个人的总体风险.
一些接受了CT筛查的人还需要一次或多次后续CT检查肺结节. 小的肺结节代表癌症的可能性很低,通常需要随访一到两年,以确保它们不再生长. 这些额外的CT使用低剂量技术进行,其辐射剂量约为标准CT的十分之一.
I have a lung nodule. Should I be worried?
肺结节非常常见,绝大多数是良性的(非癌性的)。. 超过50%的患者可以在CT上发现肺结节, and more than 97 percent of these nodules will be benign. Any nodule has a possibility of representing cancer. The role of a CT scan is not only to detect nodules, 但也要根据结节的特征来确定结节是良性还是恶性的可能性. Features of a nodule that is likely benign include small size, smooth borders and lack of growth over time. 可能是良性的结节通常会进行连续的CT扫描,以确保它们没有生长. If they show no growth for a period of one to two years, 他们被认为是良性的,不需要进一步的随访. 如果结节表现出任何可疑特征,通常需要立即采取措施.
I have a suspicious lung nodule. What do I do next?
CT扫描显示可疑特征的肺结节患者应转诊给肺内科或胸外科专家,以管理该结节的检查. 肺筛查项目的患者可以与项目的肺医学专家讨论他们的CT扫描结果. Suspicious features of a nodule include large size, irregular or spiculated borders and growth over time. 该结节的下一步检查取决于多种因素. 选择包括PET扫描、ct引导下的肺活检、支气管镜检查和手术. The test that is used will depend on the appearance of your CT scan, smoking history, age, symptoms and presence of other diseases.
UCSF Health medical specialists have reviewed this information. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.