脊柱侧凸手术的目的是融合椎骨，使脊柱不能弯曲并矫正畸形. The doctor will try to correct the curve by 50 percent or more.
Spinal Fusion Surgery for 脊柱侧凸
Preparing for surgery
脊柱中心的助理会联系您安排手术时间. 我们会在手术后一个月内安排门诊预约. During the appointment:
- 整形外科十大赌博平台排行榜会仔细检查手术的细节，并解决你的问题或疑虑.
- x射线 如果没有最近的电影或需要额外的电影，将会获得吗.
- The patient will be evaluated by the anesthesiologist, who will discuss managing pain both during and after the operation. A general anesthetic is required for spinal fusion. An epidural catheter (a thin, 手术结束时可在背部插入软管，以帮助控制疼痛.
- A blood sample will be drawn for analysis, including a blood count.
- A nurse will take you through the hospital admissions and discharge 程序.
About the surgery
An incision is made in the middle of the back. The muscles are moved to the side to expose the spine. The joints between the vertebrae are removed to loosen them up. 椎骨变得粗糙，这样身体就会产生新的骨头. 新骨头最终将椎骨之间的间隙连接起来，使它们融合在一起. Metal implants – rods, 螺丝, 在椎骨融合时，放入钩子或金属丝来固定脊柱.
骨移植
The fusion is augmented with bone graft. 这可以从患者身上获得，称为“自体”骨移植物，通常从骨盆中获取, or it can be from a bone bank from a donor – known as "allogenous.自体骨移植的优点包括更快地与其他椎骨结合和安全性. Disadvantages of autogenous grafts include surgery, which can cause pain and carries its own set of operative risks. The principal risk of allogenous bone graft is the risk of infection, 特别是肝炎发病率为1 / 100万，艾滋病发病率为1 / 1000万. 患者或患者的父母在与骨科十大赌博平台排行榜仔细讨论手术的好处和风险后决定是否进行手术.
手术的长度
Spinal fusion surgery usually takes four to six hours, but the time varies according to the individual patient. The surgeons will take as long as they need to do the job well.
Potential complications
The potential complications of surgery include:
- 出血. 这是通过在手术中烧灼出血血管和在手术结束时使用一种允许失血返回患者的装置来控制的. 如果预计病人会大量失血, and there is a high likelihood for transfusion, 病人将被要求在手术前一个月内捐献两个单位的血液.
- 感染. This is a risk whenever the skin is cut for any operation. 手术室内采取无菌预防措施，术前及术后24小时给予抗生素治疗. 此外，在闭合切口之前，用加压系统清洗切口.
- 神经损伤. The extent of possible nerve injury can range from a minor injury, 例如，大腿前部的神经受到压迫而麻木, 严重受伤, including paralysis. The risk of major neural injury is well under 1 percent, but it is not zero, 所以和你的整形外科十大赌博平台排行榜开诚布公地谈一谈是很重要的. 通过脊髓传递感觉和肌肉活动信号的神经的电活动在手术过程中被监测. 这给外科十大赌博平台排行榜提供了反馈，以便在发生问题时采取必要的措施来补救.
- 假关节. 这意味着偶尔——在儿童中高达1%的时间，但更常见的是成人——融合不成功, or the vertebrae don't stick together completely. It can take several months or a few years to become apparent. The patient may complain of persistent back pain, 手术后脊柱侧凸可能会恶化，或者植入物可能会失败. When the fusion doesn't take, 长时间的运动将导致金属植入物磨损并最终断裂. Treatment for pseudarthrosis includes exploration of the spine, additional bone grafts and replacement of the implants.
继续阅读
在十大赌博平台排行榜里
每个病人的住院时间可能会因个人情况而异. A typical stay is four days but may vary between three to seven days. 一般, the orthopedic team includes a surgeon, senior resident surgeon, registered nurse and physician assistant.
硬膜外导管插入背部以控制疼痛，通常在手术后第三天取出. 导尿管也被放置在膀胱中，这样病人在手术后的头几天就不必走路去洗手间了. This is removed on the third day, shortly after the epidural is removed.
A physical therapist assists the patient to walk after surgery. On the first day, the goal is to get out of bed to a chair. On the second day, the goal is to walk out of the room. By the third day, the patient may walk as tolerated. On the fourth day, the patient begins climbing stairs.
Before being discharged, 脊柱x射线 是为了确保植入物或脊柱对齐没有早期问题. 护士协助制定出院计划，以确保病人在回家前的所有需求都得到满足.
覆盖切口的敷料在后续诊所访问之前不应被打扰, unless there is a concern about a wound, 由您的外科十大赌博平台排行榜在手术期间或在十大赌博平台排行榜的早期恢复期决定.
回家
一般, during the first two weeks after the operation, 患者不应上学、上班或参加有组织的活动. This is a time to heal, both physically and mentally. During this time, the dressing on the wound should not be disturbed. 这意味着在两周后的随访预约之前只能用海绵洗澡.
在后续预约中，外科十大赌博平台排行榜将检查伤口并更换敷料或绷带.
经过一年的时间，患者的活动将恢复正常:
- 头六个月. No strenuous physical activity. 活动仅限于日常生活，即个人护理、弯腰和行走. No heavy lifting, meaning nothing heavier than a dinner plate. In addition, no running or jumping is allowed.
- Six to eight months. At six months, a physical examination, including x射线, is performed. If all is well, more activity, such as swimming, will be allowed.
- Eight to 10 months. Around eight months, the patient begins "closed chain kinetic exercises,这意味着当下肢在运动中移动时，脚被植入或固定在适当的位置. 一个例子是骑自行车，当下肢旋转时，脚放在踏板上.
- 10至12个月. Running, jumping and solo sports are allowed.
12个月后，患者将去外科十大赌博平台排行榜那里进行第三次手术预约. x射线 will be taken. 如果一切正常，病人将被允许恢复不受限制的活动.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. 它仅用于教育目的，并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.
